Method and system for circulating messages

ABSTRACT

A method for circulating a message to a group of people, including sending a circulated message and a distribution list comprising identifiers for a plurality of mobile communicators, by a first mobile communicator, and sequentially receiving the circulated message and a distribution list, by a next mobile communicator, and, if the received distribution list is non-empty, then (i) selecting one of the mobile communicators identified in the distribution list, (ii) modifying the distribution list by removing the identifier of the selected mobile communicator therefrom, and (iii) sending the circulated message and the modified distribution list to the selected mobile communicator.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of assignee's co-pending applicationU.S. Ser. No. 12/325,210, entitled MESSAGE AND SYSTEM FOR CIRCULATINGMESSAGES, and filed on Nov. 30, 2008 by inventors Eyal Bychkov, Uri Ronand Tal Engelstein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to wireless communication, and inparticular to wireless messaging.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Mobile communication devices, such as cell phones, personal digitalassistants (PDAs) and laptop computers, are very widespread, and havebecome an essential part of modern life. Such devices generallycommunicate via voice or instant messages. Most instant messages use theShort Message Service (SMS) protocol for sending text messages, butother messages, such as Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) messages, arealso very much in use. According tohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_message_service, currently 2.4billion active users around the world, which is roughly 74% of allmobile phone subscribers, send and receive text messages on theirphones.

The SMS Point-to-Point protocol (SMS-PP) is defined in GSMRecommendation 3.40*. Messages are sent to a Short Message ServiceCenter (SMSC), which provides store-and-forward functionality, fortransmission to recipients. SMSC supports mobile-terminated (MT)functionality, for messages sent to a mobile handset, and supportsmobile-originating (MO) functionality, for messages sent from a mobilehandset.

Transmission of messages from the SMSC to a recipient mobile handset isin conformance with the Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7protocol. In particular, messages are sent using the MAP ForwardSMoperations, which limits the length of messages to 140 octets; i.e.,1,120 bits. Routing data and other metadata is added to the message,beyond the 1,120 bit limit.

SMS messaging supports two modes; namely, text and data. For text mode,the message uses the default GSM 7-bit alphabet for regular textmessages, supporting 70 characters; and uses 16-bit UCS-2 characterencoding for languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, andfor Cyrillic alphabet languages such as Russian, supporting 160characters. For data mode, the message uses 8-bit characters andsupports 140 characters. Data mode supports inter alia the followingservices.

-   -   WAP Push, which is an encoded message that includes a link to a        WAP or WWW address. WAP Push enables WAP content to be pushed to        a mobile handset with minimal user intervention. A Push Proxy        Gateway (PPG) processes WAP Pushes and delivers them over an IP        or SMS bearer.    -   OTA Settings, which relate to setup of new services, such as        GPRS, MMS and Instant Messaging, for a subscriber of a mobile        phone network.    -   MMS Notification, which indicates when a new MMS messages has        been received on the Multimedia Messaging Service Center (MMSC).        Depending on the phone settings, the message may be        automatically downloaded from the MMSC, if a GPRS or UMTS        connection is available.    -   Push E-mail, for receiving e-mail messages on a mobile handset.

A drawback with SMS messaging is the relatively high cost. According toa recent study from the University of Leicester,http://www.spacemart.com/reports/SMS_Texting_Costs_Are_Out_Of_This_World_(—)999.html, sending text messages by mobile phones is far moreexpensive than downloading data from the Hubble Space Telescope.Operators charge subscribers per SMS text message, or offer SMS plans,such as unlimited SMS texting for a fixed monthly rate. For some plans,pricing is different for messages sent within a network or within apre-defined group, than for messages outside of the network or group.

Costs for instant messaging generally comprise a significant portion ofsubscribers' monthly fees. The expense is often excessive, since manysubscribers perceive sending of text messages as being inexpensive, andmuch cheaper than phone calls.

A factor that contributes to excessive messaging expenses is thedistribution of messages to a group of friends. Often a subscriberbroadcasts messages to his friends notifying them of events, or abouthis status. E.g., if the friends wish to go to a movie together, thesubscriber may send a message notifying them of the time and place.Messaging applications, such as 3jam developed by 3jam, Inc. of SanFrancisco, Calif., and Send'm developed by SEND-M, Ltd. of Or Yehuda,Israel, enable users to send a message to a group of friends. Generally,each member of the group knows which group members are on the mailinglist, and may reply to some or all of the group members.

A disadvantage of sending of group messages using conventionaltechnology is that the subscriber who initiates the message must bearthe entire cost of the communication. Another disadvantage of sending ofgroup messages using conventional technology is that the initiator ofthe message does not know whether the recipients actually received themessage.

SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the present invention overcome these disadvantages describedabove, by providing methods and systems (i) for sharing the expenses ofdistributing messages among members of a group, using mobilecommunicators, and (ii) for ensuring that the initiator of the messagereceives a confirmation if the message was successfully distributed toall members of the group. As used herein, the term mobile communicatorrefers to an electronic device that sends and receives data over awireless communication network. A mobile communicator includes interalia a cell phone, a portable data assistant (PDA), a laptop computer,and other such devices that include modems. As used herein, the termmessage refers to data that is transmitted from a first person to asecond person. A message includes inter alia a text message, amultimedia message, an e-mail message and a voice message. A message maybe informational, such as notification of an event, or may additionallysolicit a response or a vote from each recipient.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a member of a group is ableto distribute a message among other members of the group by specifyingthe group as being the recipient of the message. The message is thenautomatically circulated among the members of a group according to arouting order. The message is received and forwarded by one member toanother, until the message has completed a traversal through the entiregroup.

Embodiments of the present invention address the creation of groups, andthe determination of one or more routing orders for circulating messagesamong the group.

Embodiments of the present invention further address overcoming problemswhen one or more of the members of the group are inaccessible.

There is thus provided in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention a method for circulating a message to a group of people,including sending a circulated message by a 1^(st) mobile communicator,and sequentially receiving the circulated message by an n^(th) mobilecommunicator and sending the circulated message to an (n+1)^(st) mobilecommunicator, n=2, 3, . . . , N−1, wherein each one of the N mobilecommunicators has a distinct phone number.

There is additionally provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a communication system, including a plurality of Nmobile communicators, each having a distinct phone number, and circuitryin each of the plurality of mobile communicators, (i) for sending acirculated message by the 1^(st) mobile communicator, and (ii) forsequentially receiving the circulated message by the n^(th) mobilecommunicator and sending the circulated message to the (n+1)^(st) mobilecommunicator, n=2, 3, . . . , N−1.

There is further provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a method of communication, including receiving acirculated message, by a destination mobile communicator, from aprevious destination mobile communicator, and sending the circulatedmessage to a next destination mobile communicator, where the previousdestination mobile communicator, the destination mobile communicator andthe next destination mobile communicator are successive members of anordered list of mobile communicators, if the destination mobilecommunicator is not the last member of the ordered list.

There is yet further provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a destination mobile communicator, including a modemfor sending and receiving messages, a memory for storing a group ofidentifiers of mobile communicators, and an ordered list thereof, andmodem controller circuitry communicatively coupled with the modem andwith the memory, for controlling the modem (i) to receive a circulatedmessage from a previous destination mobile communicator, and (ii) tosend the circulated message to a next destination mobile communicator,where the previous destination mobile communicator, the destinationmobile communicator and the next destination mobile communicator aresuccessive members of the ordered list of mobile communicators stored inthe memory, if the destination mobile communicator is not the lastmember of the ordered list.

There is moreover provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a method of billing subscribers to a communicationservice, including identifying a message that was distributed to membersof a pre-defined group of subscribers, further identifying alltransmissions of the distributed message from one member of the group toanother member of the group, as the distributed message traversed allmembers of the group, and allocating the total cost of the identifiedtransmissions equally among the members of the group.

There is additionally provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a billing system for subscribers to a communicationservice, including an activity monitor (i) for identifying a messagethat was distributed to members of a pre-defined group of subscribers,and (ii) for further identifying all transmissions of the distributedmessage from one member of the group to another member of the group, asthe distributed message traversed all members of the group; and abilling manager, coupled with the activity monitor, for allocating thetotal cost of the identified transmissions equally among the members ofthe group.

There is further provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a method for circulating a message to a group ofpeople, including sending a circulated message and a distribution listincluding identifiers for a plurality of mobile communicators, by afirst mobile communicator, and sequentially receiving the circulatedmessage and a distribution list, by a next mobile communicator, and, ifthe received distribution list is non-empty, then (i) selecting one ofthe mobile communicators identified in the distribution list, (ii)modifying the distribution list by removing the identifier of theselected mobile communicator therefrom, and (iii) sending the circulatedmessage and the modified distribution list to the selected mobilecommunicator.

There is yet further provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a communication system, including a plurality ofmobile communicators, and circuitry in each of the plurality of mobilecommunicators, (i) for sending a circulated message and a distributionlist comprising identifiers for a plurality of mobile communicators, and(ii) for successively receiving the circulated message and adistribution list, by a next mobile communicator, and, if the receiveddistribution list is non-empty, then (ii.a) selecting one of the mobilecommunicators identified in the distribution list, (ii.b) modifying thedistribution list by removing the identifier of the selected mobilecommunicator therefrom, and (ii.c) sending the circulated message andthe modified distribution list to the selected mobile communicator.

There is moreover provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a method for creating a group of mobile communicators,including sending an invitation from an originator mobile communicatorto a plurality of other mobile communicators, receiving responses fromthe plurality of other mobile communicators, the responses indicatingacceptance or non-acceptance of the invitation, creating groupinformation including (a) identifiers of group members, the groupmembers including the mobile communicators from which responsesindicating acceptance of the invitation were received, and (b) anordered list of the group members for use in circulating messages amongthe group members, and sending the group information to the groupmembers.

There is additionally provided in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention a communication system, including a plurality ofmobile communicators, and circuitry in each of the plurality of mobilecommunicators, (i) for sending an invitation from such mobilecommunicator to the other mobile communicators, (ii) for receivingresponses from the other mobile communicators, the responses indicatingacceptance or non-acceptance of the invitation, (iii) for creating groupinformation including (a) identifiers of group members, the groupmembers including the mobile communicators from which responsesindicating acceptance of the invitation were received, and (b) anordered list of the group members for use in circulating messages amongthe group members, and (iv) for sending the group information to thegroup members.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be more fully understood and appreciated fromthe following detailed description, taken in conjunction with thedrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a system for circulating a messageamong members of a group of mobile communicators, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified flowchart of a method for creating a group ofmobile communicators for message circulation, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3A is a simplified flowchart of a method for circulating a messageamong a group of mobile communicators according to a pre-determinedorder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3B is a simplified flowchart of a method for circulating a messageamong a group of mobile communicators according to an ad-hoc order, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a prior art diagram illustrating operation of SMS messaging;

FIG. 5 is a simplified flowchart of a method for a mobile communicatorto send an SMS message to a recipient, if message delivery problemsarise, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram of a wireless communicator that listensfor group messages, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 7 is a simplified flowchart of a method for allocating the cost ofdistributing a message to members of a group, among the members, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the present invention relate to distributing messages tomembers of a group using wireless communicators. In one embodiment, amember of a group distributes a message among the other members of thegroup by designating the group as being the recipient of the message,when sending the message. The message is then routed in a specificrouting order, from one member of the group to the next, until themessage has circulated through the entire group.

In terms of billing, since each member is billed for sending the messageto the next member, the cost of distributing the message to the group isautomatically shared among the members of the group.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, each of themembers' mobile communicators has circuitry therein that is programmedto receive a message being circulated and automatically send it to anext mobile communicator.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which is a simplified diagram of asystem for circulating a message among members of a group of mobilecommunicators, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. Shown in FIG. 1 is a group of four mobile communicators,corresponding to users Andy, Bill, Charlie and David, and denotedrespectively 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d. Also shown in FIG. 1 is asimplified block diagram of a general mobile communicator 100, whichincludes a modem 110, a controller 120 and a memory 130. Controller 120includes circuitry for controlling modem 110 to send and receivemessages. Memory 130 stores data including inter alis identifiers ofgroup members, such as Andy, Bill, Charlie and David, and arepresentation of an ordered list of the members, such asAndy→Bill→Charlie→David.

When Andy's mobile communicator sends a message for circulation amongthe group, the message is automatically routed fromAndy→Bill→Charlie→David. Each mobile communicator has sufficientinformation to identify the recipient to whom it must forward themessage that it receives. Upon receipt of the message, David's mobilecommunicator, being the last member in the routing order, sends a statusreport to Andy's mobile communicator confirming receipt of thecirculated message. Upon receipt of the status report, Andy knows thathis message was successfully distributed to all members of the group.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the cost ofcirculating the message among the group is automatically shared amongthe members of the group. Andy is billed for the message sent from Andyto Bill. Bill is billed for the message sent from Bill to Charlie.Charlie is billed for the message sent from Charlie to David. David isbilled for the status report sent from David to Andy. In distinction,had Andy sent the message to each of the members of the group usingconventional technology, then Andy would be billed for sending threemessages, and Bill, Charlie and David would not be billed at all.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which is a simplified flowchart of amethod for creating a group of mobile communicators for messagecirculation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.At step 1010 a subscriber, referred to as the owner of the group, sendsan invitation to a plurality of recipients to join a group. Theinvitation is sent from the owner's mobile communicator to each of therecipients'mobile communicators. At step 1020 the recipients receive theinvitation to join the group.

At step 1030 each recipient sends a response to the owner indicatingacceptance or non-acceptance of the invitation. The response is sentfrom the recipients' mobile communicators to the owner's mobilecommunicator. At step 1040 the owner modifies the group according to therecipient responses, thereby defining the members of the group; namely,those recipients who accepted the invitation. The recipients who optedout are not included as members of the group.

At step 1050 the owner designates an ordered list of the members of thegroup. The list determines an ordering, member #1, member #2, . . . ,member #N, where N denotes the number of members of the group. In termsof its data representation, the ordered list of members may berepresented as a sequence of phone numbers, or as a sequence of pointersto phone numbers, or as such other data structure for representing anordered list of mobile communicators.

Often it is convenient to endow an ordered list with a circularstructure, whereby the last member is connected back to the firstmember; i.e., 1→2→ . . . →N→1. Any member of the group may then use thecircular list, starting from himself, to circulate a message among theother members of the group according to the order of the list. E.g.,member #4 may initiate a message to be circulated among the other groupmembers, according to the order 4→5→ . . . →N→1→2→3. Each member'smobile communicator automatically receives the message and sends it tothe next member in the list, with member #N sending the message tomember #1.

At step 1060 the owner stores the group information, including themembers of the group and their phone numbers, and the ordering of themembers, in his mobile communicator. At step 1070 the owner sends thegroup information to the members of the group. At step 1080 the membersof the group receive the group information and store the information intheir mobile communicators.

At this stage, each mobile communicator has stored therein informationidentifying the members of the group and the ordering of the members.Thereafter, the owner of the group may edit the group by adding ordeleting members, and by changing the ordering of the members.Generally, when the owner edits the group a notification describing themodified group is sent to the members of the group, so that their mobilecommunicators are synchronized.

By accepting the invitation to join the group at step 1030, each memberagrees to share the costs for circulating messages among the group. Amember of the group may subsequently decide to remove himself from thegroup, in which case he sends a message to the owner of the grouprequesting that he be removed.

In alternative embodiments of the present invention, creation of a groupis performed ad-hoc “on-the-fly” when the need to circulate a messageamong the group arises. In such case, when a member of the ad-hoc groupreceives the message, he may “accept” the message and agree to forwardit to the next member of the group. If the member does not accept, thenthe initiator receives a notification, in which case he may re-send themessage to a modified group, or send the message to the next memberfollowing the recipient who opted out, thereby bearing the cost thatwould have been borne by the recipient who opted out.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3A, which is a simplified flowchart of amethod for circulating a message among a group of mobile communicatorsaccording to a pre-determined order, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention. At step 1110 a member of the group, referred toas the message initiator, sends a message to be circulated among a groupof members, such as the group created by the method of FIG. 2. Theinitiator does so by designating the group as being the recipient of themessage. The group of members has a pre-determined ordering associatedtherewith, such as the ordering determined at step 1050. At step 1120the initiator's mobile communicator automatically identifies the firstmobile communicator from the ordered list of members of the group, basedon the group information stored in the initiator's mobile communicator,and sends the message to the first mobile communicator.

At step 1130 the current mobile communicator receiving the circulatedmessage consults the group information stored in the current mobilecommunicator, and determines whether the current mobile communicator isthe last member in the ordering of the group members. If not, then thecurrent mobile communicator identifies the next member in the orderingof the members, and at step 1140 sends the circulated message to thenext member. The method then returns to step 1130. Otherwise, if thecurrent mobile communicator is the last member of the group, then atstep 1150 the current mobile communicator sends a status report to theinitiator, indicating that it successfully received the circulatedmessage. Until the initiator receives the status report, he cannotconfirm that the message was successfully circulated to all members ofthe group.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that because eachmember sends the circulated message to another member, the cost ofcirculating the message among the group is automatically shared amongthe members. Each member is billed for the message that he sends to onerecipient.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3B, which is a simplified flowchart of amethod for circulating a message among a group of mobile communicatorsaccording to an ad-hoc order, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention. In distinction from the method of FIG. 3A which usesa pre-determined order, the method of FIG. 3B uses an ad-hoc orderspecified by the message initiator. At step 1210 the initiator of themessage species an ordered list of members of a group. The initiator ofthe message is appended at the end of the ordered list, so as to be thelast member of the list. E.g., if Andy is the initiator of the list thenthe list may indicate Bill→Charlie→David→Andy. Alternatively, members ofthe group may have personal ordered lists of the group members stored intheir mobile communicators. For example, as described hereinabove, eachmember may use a circular list of the group members, startingimmediately after himself, as his personal ordered list. Thus for thecircular list Andy→Bill→Charlie→David→Andy, Bill's personal ordered listis Charlie→David→Andy→Bill, and Charlie's personal ordered list isDavid→Andy→Bill→Charlie. In such case step 1210 is obviated and theinitiator's personal list is used instead of an ad-hoc list.

At step 1220 the initiator sends a message to the group, by designatingthe group as the recipient of the message. The initiator's mobilecommunicator automatically embeds the ordered list within the message.As indicated hereinabove, the ordered list may be represented as asequence of phone numbers, or as a sequence of pointers to phonenumbers, or as such other data structure for representing an orderedlist of mobile communicators.

At step 1230 the initiator's mobile communicator automatically sends thelist to the first mobile communicator in the list, i.e. Bill'scommunicator in the example above where Andy is the initiator. At step1240 the current mobile communicator receiving the message extracts theordered list in the message to determine if the current mobilecommunicator is the next-to-last member of the list. If not, the currentmobile communicator consults the list to determine the next member, andat step 1250 the current mobile communicator sends the message to thenext member. The method then returns to step 1240. Otherwise, if thecurrent mobile communicator is the next-to-last member of the list, thenat step 1250 the current mobile communicator sends a status report tothe last member of the list; i.e., to the initiator of the list,indicating successful receipt of the message. As above, until theinitiator receives the status report, he cannot confirm that the messagewas successfully circulated to all members of the group.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, at step 1250 thecurrent mobile communicator shortens the embedded list by removinghimself from the beginning of the list. In this way, less and less datais transmitted as the message circulation advances from member tomember. E.g., referring to the example above, after Bill receives themessage, his mobile communicator truncates the ordered list toCharlie→David→Andy prior to sending the message to Charlie; and afterCharlie receives the message, his mobile communicator truncates theordered list to David→Andy prior to sending the message to David.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the messagecirculated by the methods of FIGS. 3A and 3B may be an informationalmessage, or additionally a message requesting a response or vote fromthe members of the group. Each member receiving the message may respondor vote according to criteria set by the initiator. E.g., the messagemay ask whether the member wishes to go to a movie at 9:00 PM, and theinitiator may enable a “Yes” and a “No” reply. Each recipient is thenpresented with the “Yes” and “No” replies. The replies themselves may besent directly to the initiator. In such case, each recipient sends twomessages; namely, the circulated message to the next recipient in theordered list, and the reply to the initiator. Alternatively, eachrecipient's reply may be concatenated to the circulated message. In suchcase, the circulated message grows in length as it circulates throughthe group members.

One of the challenges with message circulation by the methods of FIGS.3A and 3B is how to deal with situations where the circulated messagedoes not reach one of the group members. E.g., the member's mobilecommunicator may be turned off, or the mobile communicator's SMS memorylimit may be exceeded.

In this regard, reference is made to FIG. 4, which is a prior artdiagram illustrating operation of SMS messaging. Shown in FIG. 4 is anoriginator mobile phone 210, a recipient mobile phone 220 and a shortmessaging service center 230. Originator mobile phone 210 sends an SMSmessage to recipient mobile phone 220. The SMS message is transmitted toSMS center 230, for further transmission to recipient mobile phone 220.If recipient mobile phone 220 is inaccessible, the SMS message istemporarily stored in SMS center 230. SMS center 230 sends the messagelater when recipient mobile phone 220 becomes accessible. A time period,referred to as a validity period, may be specified, after which time theSMS message is deleted from SMS center 230. As such, if recipient mobilephone 220 does not become accessible within the validity period, thenthe SMS message will not be sent when recipient mobile phone 220subsequently does become accessible.

A flag may be set in the SMS message to notify SMS center 230 to providea status report about delivery of the SMS message. The status report issent to originator mobile phone 210 in the form of an SMS message. Whenthe SMS message sent by originator mobile phone 210 reaches SMS center230, SMS center 230 sends a submission report back to originator mobilephone 210, as indicated in FIG. 4. The submission report indicateseither successful receipt of the SMS message, or failure. Failure may bedue to an incorrect SMS message format, or due to SMS center 230 beingbusy.

If originator mobile phone 210 does not receive the submission reportafter a designated period of time, it concludes that the submissionreport was lost, and originator mobile phone 210 may re-send the SMSmessage. A flag is set in the re-sent SMS message to indicate that theSMS message was sent previously. If the previous submission report wassuccessful, SMS center 230 ignores the re-sent SMS message and sends asubmission report to original mobile phone 210, thus avoiding sending ofthe same SMS message multiple times to recipient mobile phone 220.

When the SMS reaches recipient mobile phone 220, recipient mobile phone220 sends a delivery report to SMS center 230, as indicated in FIG. 4.The delivery report indicates either successful receipt of the SMSmessage, or failure. Failure may be due to an unsupported messageformat, or insufficient free storage space available in recipient mobilephone 220. In turn, SMS center 230 sends a status report to originatormobile phone 210, after receiving the delivery report from recipientmobile phone 220, as indicated in FIG. 4. If SMS center 230 does notreceive the delivery report after a designated period of time, itconcludes that the delivery report was lost, and re-sends the SMSmessage to recipient mobile phone 220.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the owner ofa group may set a validity period for the SMS message distributed to thegroup. After the validity period, the SMS message will not be furtherdistributed.

Further in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, ifthe sender of a message to be distributed among group members receives anegative submission report, then the message is re-sent after apre-defined time, such as 5 minutes. If sending of the re-sent messagefails, then the message may be re-sent again, up to a designated maximumnumber of tries. If the sending of the re-sent message fails for all ofthe tries, then an error message is sent to the group owner.

If the sender of the message receives a negative status report, then themessage is sent to the next recipient in the list of members. E.g., forthe list Andy→Bill→Charlie→David, if Charlie's mobile communicator isinaccessible, then Bill's mobile communicator receives a negative statusreport, and the message is then automatically sent from Bill's mobilecommunicator to David, with appropriate changes as necessary.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which is a simplified flowchart of amethod for a mobile communicator to send an SMS message to a recipient,if message delivery problems arise, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention. At step 1305, the mobile communicator identifiesa next member in the list of members, as a recipient of the SMS message.At step 1310 a counter, K, is initialized to K=1. The counter, K, countsthe number of tries to send the SMS message to the recipient identifiedat step 1305. At step 1315 the mobile communicator tries to send the SMSmessage to the recipient. At step 1320 a determination is made whetheror not a positive submission report is received. If not, then at step1325 the method waits for a pre-defined amount of time, such as 5minutes, and the counter, K, is advanced by one. At step 1330 adetermination is made whether K has reached the limit on the number oftries. If not, then processing returns to step 1315 where the mobilecommunicator tries again to send the SMS message to the recipient. If itis determined at step 1330 that K has reached the limit on the number oftries, then the method fails at step 1335 and a notification of failureis sent to the owner of the group.

Referring back to step 1320, if a positive submission report isreceived, then processing advances to step 1340, where a determinationis made whether or not a positive status report is received. If so, thenthe method ends successfully at step 1345. If not, a determination ismade at step 1350 if the recipients identified at step 1305 haveexhausted the alternatives for recipients in the list of members.Generally, the alternatives for recipients are those recipients whosepositions in the list are after the position of the mobile communicatorperforming the method of FIG. 5. If the alternative recipients have beenexhausted, then the method fails at step 1335 and a notification offailure is sent to the owner of the group. Otherwise, processing returnsto step 1305 where a next recipient is identified.

Implementation Details

Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which is a simplified diagram of awireless communicator that listens for group messages, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention. Shown in FIG. 6 are a ShortMessaging Service Center (SMSC) 310, a Push Proxy Gateway (PPG) 320, aWAP Push server 330, a Multimedia Message Service Center (MMSC) 340, aPush E-mail server 350, and an OTA server 360. Messages sent via MAP(Mobile Application Part of the SS7 Protocol) operations generallyinclude a designated port within their metadata. As such, in animplementation of the present invention, mobile communicator 100 listensto the designated port.

In reading the above description, persons skilled in the art willappreciate that there are many apparent variations that can be appliedto the methods and systems described. One such variation is thealgorithm used for circulating a message so that it traverses an entiregroup. The algorithm illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3A and 3B corresponds toan ordered list, but other algorithms may be used instead. For example,with large groups it is of advantage to use a tree traversal such as abinary tree traversal, wherein each mobile communicator that receivesthe message forwards it to two members of the group. When the bottomnodes of the tree receive the message, they send a confirmation back tothe parent, which then travels upwards through the tree back to theinitiator of the message. With a large group of, say, 1,000 members, thebinary tree traversal requires 10 levels of message forwarding downthrough the tree, and 10 levels of confirmation forwarding back upthrough the tree. In distinction, an ordered list requires 1,000sequential message transmissions. Similarly, other graph traversalalgorithms may also be used with the present invention.

Another such variation to the methods and systems described herein is tosend a message from the initiator of the message directly to all othermembers of the group, and to enable the operator of the messagingservice to allocate the cost equally among the members of the group,either on a per message basis, or an a monthly subscription plan. Inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the operatoruses an activity monitor 410 (FIG. 6) to identify a message distributedto members of a group, and to further identify all transmissions of thedistributed message from one member of the group to another. Theoperator further uses a billing manager 420 to allocate the cost of allof the identified transmissions equally among the members of the group.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which is a simplified flowchart of amethod for allocating the cost of distributing a message to members of agroup, among the members, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention. The method of FIG. 7 is performed by an operator ofthe messaging service used by mobile communicators. At step 1410 amonitor, such as activity monitor 410, identifies a message that wasdistributed among a pre-determined group of subscribers. At step 1420the monitor identifies all transmissions of the distributed message fromone member of the group to another member, as the distributed messagetraversed all members of the group. At step 1430 a billing system, suchas billing manager 420, allocates the cost of all of the identifiedtransmissions among members of the group.

In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described withreference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however,be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to thespecific exemplary embodiments without departing from the broader spiritand scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for circulating a message to a group ofpeople, comprising: being instructed to send a message to a defineddestination group of multiple mobile communicators; in response to saidbeing instructed, sending the message and a distribution list comprisingidentifiers for all but a selected first one of the group of mobilecommunicators, to the selected first mobile communicator; andsequentially receiving the message and a distribution list, by a nextmobile communicator, and, if the received distribution list isnon-empty, then (i) selecting a next one of the mobile communicatorsidentified in the distribution list, (ii) reducing the size of thedistribution list by removing the identifier of the selected next mobilecommunicator therefrom, and (iii) sending the message and the reduceddistribution list to the selected next mobile communicator.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein said selecting the next one of the mobilecommunicators comprises randomly selecting one of the mobilecommunicators identified in the distribution list.
 3. A communicationsystem for circulating a message to a group of people, comprising: aplurality of mobile communicators; and circuitry in each of said mobilecommunicators, (i) for being instructed to send a message to a defineddestination group of multiple mobile communicators, (ii) for sending, inresponse to the being instructed, the message and a distribution listcomprising identifiers for all but a selected first one of the group ofmobile communicators, to the selected first mobile communicator, and(iii) for successively receiving the message and a distribution list, bya next mobile communicator, and, if the received distribution list isnon-empty, then (iii.a) selecting a next one of the mobile communicatorsidentified in the distribution list, (iii.b) reducing the size of thedistribution list by removing the identifier of the selected next mobilecommunicator therefrom, and (iii.c) sending the message and the reduceddistribution list to the selected next mobile communicator.
 4. Thecommunication system of claim 3 wherein said circuitry randomly selectsthe next one of the mobile communicators identified in the distributionlist.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: sending aninvitation from an originator one of the plurality of mobilecommunicators to other mobile communicators; receiving responses fromthe other mobile communicators, the responses indicating acceptance ornon-acceptance of the invitation; and creating the distribution list,comprising identifying the mobile communicators from which responsesindicating acceptance of the invitation were received.
 6. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the identifiers of the mobile communicators in thedistribution list comprise phone numbers of the mobile communicators. 7.The method of claim 1 wherein the identifiers of the mobilecommunicators in the distribution list comprise pointers to phonenumbers of the mobile communicators.
 8. The communication system ofclaim 3, wherein said circuitry in each of said mobile communicators,(i) sends an invitation from such mobile communicator to other mobilecommunicators, (ii) receives responses from the other mobilecommunicators, the responses indicating acceptance or non-acceptance ofthe invitation, and (iii) creates the distribution list by identifyingthe mobile communicators from which responses indicating acceptance ofthe invitation were received.
 9. The communication system of claim 8wherein the identifiers of said mobile communicators comprise phonenumbers of the mobile communicators.
 10. The communication system ofclaim 8 wherein the identifiers of said mobile communicators comprisepointers to phone numbers of the mobile communicators.
 11. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising allocating the total cost of sending themessage among the destination group of mobile communicators.
 12. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the message is an SMS message, a MMS message,an e-mail message, or a voice message.
 13. The communication system ofclaim 3, further comprising a billing manager for allocating the totalcost of circulating sending the message among the destination group ofmobile communicators.
 14. The communication system of claim 3 whereinthe message is an SMS message, a MMS message, an e-mail message, or avoice message.